{"id":25,"date":"2011-10-02T19:17:03","date_gmt":"2011-10-03T01:17:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/cc-2-3-overcoming-adversity\/"},"modified":"2025-10-31T16:38:21","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T16:38:21","slug":"cc-2-3-resilienceandadversity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/cc-2-3-resilienceandadversity\/","title":{"rendered":"CC 2.5 Adversity and resilience"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adversity<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/play\/files\/2019\/04\/Upset-child-SML-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Sad looking child sitting on floor with head down on hands crossed at knees.\" class=\"wp-image-7608\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, many children grow up in challenging circumstances and some children grow up in extremely adverse environments. They may live in violent homes and be neglected or abused. Poverty, disasters or displacement may be a constant in a young child&#8217;s life. Adverse early childhood experiences include things like abuse and neglect as well as mental illness and violence in the home. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Children need other people to care for them, to take an interest in them and to delight in them in order to thrive. One of the most common challenges in child development is neglect. The next video describes what child neglect means and what to do about it. It is from the documentary, <em>The Beginning of Life<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail-Z23Oc2p wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"video-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/files\/2022\/06\/333135710.jpg\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">The Beginning of Life \u2013 Neglect (3:29)<\/span>      \n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\"><iframe frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/333135710?api=1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the Brain Development module, you learned about toxic stress and its effect on the developing brain. The link below from Harvard University&#8217;s Center for the Developing Child includes an infographic and reading about adverse early childhood experiences (ACEs).  Explore the information to learn how ACEs are linked to toxic stress, get &#8220;under the skin&#8221;, and what can be done to reduce their impact.<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-Z10n5Vx wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/developingchild.harvard.edu\/resources\/aces-and-toxic-stress-frequently-asked-questions\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">EXPLORE<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">ACEs and toxic stress: Frequently asked questions<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Listen to Dr. Tracie Afifi, a professor in Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry at the University of Manitoba, identify the original ten ACEs, as well as how the term is sometimes used inconsistently.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-2oVzHW wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Afifi &#8211; what are ACEs? (1:12)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/855458270\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-afifi-what-are-aces\/\" target=\"_blank\">Afifi &#8211; what are ACEs? &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dr. Afifi highlights key contributions of ACEs research over the past 25 years.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z1UYozU wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Afifi &#8211; ACEs research (2:40)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/855458008\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-afifi-aces-research\/\" target=\"_blank\">Afifi &#8211; ACEs research &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-Z14TqNE wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are strong linkages between ACEs and many negative, long term physical and mental health outcomes. What might be some of the things an early childhood program could do that may mitigate adversity and reduce toxic stress for young children?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Can you think of policies, especially in relation to your own community challenges, that may help prevent or mitigate ACEs?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the<span style=\"color: #000000\"> following article, Dr. Charles Nelson expands on the concept of ACEs and categorizes risk factors as either biological or psychosocial.  The article explores the impact of adversity on the developing brain.<\/span> <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-Z2htmSp wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/action\/showPdf?pii=S0896-6273%2817%2930871-1\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ <\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Hazards to early development: The biological embedding of early life adversity<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-10VR9w wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>The article uses the categories of biological and psychosocial hazards. What are some examples of biological hazards, both pre- and postnatal? What are some examples of psychosocial hazards?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The article notes that &#8220;both biological and psychosocial hazards are often intertwined&#8221;. What would be an example illustrating this?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nelson states that &#8220;of the many forms of psychosocial adversity that can impact children\u2019s development, perhaps the most egregious is child neglect&#8221; (p.264). What reasons does he give for this statement? Would you agree? If not, why?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Child maltreatment includes neglect of basic needs and physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Some children experience a daily reality characterized by maltreatment. Dr. Tracie Afifi summarizes the multitude of poor outcomes related to child maltreatment.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z2tvynX wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Afifi &#8211; child maltreatment (:50)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/855457887\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-afifi-child-maltreatment\/\" target=\"_blank\">Afifi &#8211; child maltreatment &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maltreatment saps children\u2019s hope and exuberance, leaving behind a residue of despair and apprehension. Click on the next link from the <em>Encyclopedia for Early Childhood Development<\/em> for a series of overviews on the various types of maltreatment.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-Z1MoIHU wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.child-encyclopedia.com\/maltreatment-child\/according-experts\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">EXPLORE<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Maltreatment (child): According to the experts<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read the following synthesis from the <em>Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development<\/em> to review the types of maltreatment and learn about prevention and interventions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-Z17qJhG wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.child-encyclopedia.com\/pdf\/synthese\/maltreatment-child\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Maltreatment (child): Synthesis<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-Z2bWmi6 wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>The reading describes 5 forms of child maltreatment. Which is the most commonly reported? Which is most under reported?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of the three strategy areas outlined for reducing child maltreatment, which are most active in your community?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Why do the authors state that alleviating poverty would go a long way towards reducing child maltreatment?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-further-full-Z16ffp2 wp-block-lazyblock-further-full\"><div class=\"further-full\">\n<div class=\"wtkm\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the following article, Bick and Nelson (2016) discuss two types of early adverse experiences &#8211; maltreatment within the family setting and extreme deprivation in institutional settings. They also review the implications for the developing brain and effectiveness of interventions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-1CTDib wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4677140\/pdf\/npp2015252a.pdf\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Early adverse experiences and the developing brain<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">In the next video, Dr. Barbara Fallon, Canada Research Chair in Child Welfare and professor in Faculty of Social Work at the University of Toronto, discusses children who are in circumstances that put them at risk for a poor developmental trajectory. She explains what happens when they are identified to the child welfare system and the importance of child welfare workers knowing about child development and how to both protect vulnerable children and promote well-being. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1wLH8a wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Fallon &#8211; child welfare systems (2:22)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/125282735?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-fallon-child-welfare-systems\/\" target=\"_blank\">Fallon &#8211; child welfare systems &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Child welfare authorities get involved when someone concerned about a child\u2019s well-being notifies them. The ensuing investigation involves a worker making an assessment. If they consider the child to be at risk, they decide how to proceed to protect the child. This could include services to the family, out of home care for the child, and\/or police involvement. In the next video, Fallon discusses that Indigenous (Aboriginal) children are over-represented in the child welfare system and explains some of the reasons for this trend. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZFp9BI wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Fallon &#8211; child welfare and Aboriginal families (3:26)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/125282734?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-fallon-child-welfare-and-aboriginal-families\/\" target=\"_blank\">Fallon &#8211; child welfare and Aboriginal families &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-Z11JMds wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Dr. Fallon refers to the need for cultural sensitivity for Indigenous children and families.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Is this an issue where you live? If so, are you aware of interventions that aim to address this?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Much more is needed to reduce the numbers of Indigenous children in the child welfare system and support healthier families and communities. In the next video, Dr. Marlyn Bennett, an adjunct professor with the Faculty of Social Work at the University of Manitoba, discusses research on why Indigenous children are so overrepresented in the child welfare system in Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z18xLPz wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Bennett \u2013 impacts on Indigenous families &#8211; part 1 (4:16)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/327980442?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-bennet-impacts-on-indigenous-families-part-1\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bennett \u2013 impacts on Indigenous families &#8211; part 1 &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Bennett goes on to explain the continuing impact of colonization on families.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZYNfGT wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Bennett \u2013 impacts on Indigenous families &#8211; part 2 (4:44)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/327980683?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-bennet-impacts-on-indigenous-families-part-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bennett \u2013 impacts on Indigenous families &#8211; part 2 &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dr. Michael Yellow Bird, Dean of the Faculty of Social Work at the University of Manitoba discusses the research he has done on the chronic stress that comes from colonization.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z1uhDjJ wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Yellow Bird &#8211; colonization and stress (1:56)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/797142496?api=1     \" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-yellow-bird-colonization-and-stress\/\" target=\"_blank\">Yellow Bird \u2013 colonization and stress &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-2AhVN wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Bennett makes the point that most Indigenous children are removed from their homes because of neglect and that this is clearly connected to broader issues  such as poverty and poor housing. Do you know of any major or grassroots programs that help mitigate this or, in your opinion,  do most systems perpetuate this situation?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bennett and Yellow Bird discuss colonization. What do you know about colonization in Canada? What does colonization look like today where you live?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-further-full-ZQUBfa wp-block-lazyblock-further-full\"><div class=\"further-full\">\n<div class=\"wtkm\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the next video, Dr. Bennett discusses her own experience as a teenager in the child welfare system and her research with other young people in care.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1CY4lh wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Bennett \u2013 growing up in \u2018care\u2019 (4:02)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/327818501?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-bennet-growing-up-in-care\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bennett \u2013 growing up in \u2018care\u2019 &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The First Nations Caring Society, led by Dr. Cindy Blackstock, advocates for equity for Indigenous children and is a strong voice for making changes  in the child welfare system.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-2wmSCf wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fncaringsociety.com\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">EXPLORE<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">First Nations Child and Family Caring Society<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Violent discipline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common and widespread form of violence against children is physical and humiliating punishment. Physical punishment, also known as corporal punishment, may not be considered a form of violence as it remains a legal and acceptable form of punishment in many countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Did you know?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to UNICEF  global databases from 94 countries, children aged 2 to 4 years experienced violent discipline from their caregivers in the previous month, at alarming rates:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>physical punishment &#8211; 63%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>psychological aggression &#8211; 67%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>any violent discipline &#8211; 75%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Worldwide, 3 in 4 children between the ages of 2 and 4 are regularly subjected to violent discipline (physical or emotional) by their caregivers (UNICEF, November, 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Learn more about world data on child discipline from the UNICEF website.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-Z1701M8 wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/child-protection\/violence\/violent-discipline\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Violent discipline: UNICEF data<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dr. Joan Durrant, a child clinical psychologist and child development expert, researches attitudes towards physical punishment and societies that have banned the physical punishment of children. She begins by explaining why some parents spank their children.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-2dGCaB wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Durrant &#8211; physical punishment (2:40)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90190659?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-durrant-physical-punishment-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">Durrant &#8211; physical punishment &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Durrant goes on to explain the effects of physical punishment on children.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1uIXQ0 wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Durrant &#8211; negative effects of physical punishment (3:44)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90190805?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-durrant-negative-effects-of-physical-punishment\/https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-durrant-negative-effects-of-physical-punishment\/\" target=\"_blank\">Durrant &#8211; negative effects of physical punishment &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-2aG4zo wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Do you agree with Durrant\u2019s views?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How does your experience growing up shape your views on physical punishment?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the next clip, Durrant considers socio-cultural reasons to explain how, when nearly all other types of physical violence are against the law, the physical punishment of children by parents remains legal in Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z29qCkI wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Durrant &#8211; punishment and the law (3:40)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90190801?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-durrant-punishment-and-the-law\/\" target=\"_blank\">Durrant &#8211; punishment and the law &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Durrant also makes the point that child abuse is on a continuum with spanking \u2013 it\u2019s physical punishment that has gone out of control.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZE52QJ wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Durrant &#8211; physical punishment is abuse (2:05)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90190885?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-durrant-physical-punishment-is-abuse\/\" target=\"_blank\">Durrant &#8211; physical punishment is abuse &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Joan Durrant is an advocate for a ban on physical punishment and is a co-author of the<em> Joint statement on physical punishment of children and youth<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-2eiyXn wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cheo.on.ca\/en\/physicalpunishment\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">EXPLORE<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Joint statement on physical punishment of children and youth<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The    evidence    is    consistent    and    robust:    physical    punishment  does  not  predict  improvements  in  child  behaviour  and  instead  predicts  deterioration  in  child  behaviour and increased risk for maltreatment. There is thus  no  empirical  reason  for  parents  to  continue  to  use  physical  punishment&#8221; (Heillmann et al., 2021, p. 361).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Listen as Joan Durrant describes how Sweden, the first country in the world to ban corporal punishment, provides supports and education to parents and caregivers, all designed to protect children from violence.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z2hzXg4 wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Durrant &#8211; banning physical punishment (2:35)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90190921?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-durrant-banning-physical-punishment\/\" target=\"_blank\">Durrant &#8211; banning physical punishment &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-further-full-28mJjB wp-block-lazyblock-further-full\"><div class=\"further-full\">\n<div class=\"wtkm\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>The Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children<\/em> website outlines global efforts and provides resources related to prohibiting and eliminating all corporal punishment of children.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-ZAjTiu wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/endcorporalpunishment.org\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">EXPLORE<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">The Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"jttBookMarkMod4\">Resilience<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Resilience is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon, nor is it fixed in time&#8221; (Luthar, 2013, p. 1).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What does it mean to be resilient?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are some children inherently more resilient in spite of adversity than others?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What factors influence a person&#8217;s capacity for resilience?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can resilience be taught?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Listen to Dr. Afifi explain the concept of resilience.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1TOb8P wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Afifi &#8211; resilience (1:03)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/855458613\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-afifi-resilience\/\" target=\"_blank\">Afifi &#8211; resilience &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Children who do well, despite experiencing some significant hardships in their lives, are often called resilient. Watch the 3 short videos, from the Center on the Developing Child, to learn more about resilience and how to build resilience in children.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-1aDShU wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/developingchild.harvard.edu\/resources\/inbrief-resilience-series\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">The science of resilience<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dr. Ann Masten, a leading expert in resilience research from the Child Development Institute at the University of Minnesota, describes the concept of resilience.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZY4LMN wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Masten &#8211; introduction to resilience (2:22)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90196502?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-masten-introduction-to-resilience\/\" target=\"_blank\">Masten &#8211; introduction to resilience &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Resilience research grew from observations that some children cope and are competent even though they face adversity. Apart from a child&#8217;s own biological predispositions, researchers report that protective systems such as nurturing parents, quality caregiving, safe communities, adequate nutrition, and supportive social networks help children thrive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the next video, Masten describes protective systems.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z23gS9u wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Masten &#8211; protective systems (2:55)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90196481?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-masten-protective-systems\/\" target=\"_blank\">Masten &#8211; protective systems &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-Z11yRxa wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Think about children you know that have overcome adversity. Are there any identifiable similarities between these children? What protective systems do you think may have contributed to their resilience?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Are there other examples of protective systems you might add to those mentioned by Masten?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Watch as Masten describes what she has learned about protective systems that she calls &#8220;ordinary magic&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1jg0F2 wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Masten &#8211; interrelated protective systems (3:08)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90196377?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-masten-interrelated-protective-systems\/\" target=\"_blank\">Masten &#8211; interrelated protective systems &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-24VjXu wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.edcan.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/EdCan-2009-v49-n3-Masten.pdf\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Ordinary magic: Lessons from research on resilience in human development<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Masten makes an important distinction &#8211; the difference between <em>protective factors<\/em> and <em>promotive factors.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1LP9wH wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Masten &#8211; protective vs. promotive factors (4:25)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90196457?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-masten-protective-vs-promotive-factors\/\" target=\"_blank\">Masten &#8211; protective vs. promotive factors &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>A child&#8217;s own capacity to self-regulate contributes to resilience. Masten explains.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-QJfto wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Masten &#8211; resilience and self-regulation (5:16)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90196565?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-masten-resilience-and-self-regulation\/\" target=\"_blank\">Masten &#8211; resilience and self-regulation &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-ZE2NQ6 wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Does the connection between optimal self-regulation (calmly focused and alert) and resilience make sense to you?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Can you think of examples where parents\/caregivers act as &#8220;external regulators&#8221; for children? Why do you think this is important?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The following reading, from the <em>Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development<\/em>, provides an overview of research on resilience and young children.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-Zdhmhg wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.child-encyclopedia.com\/resilience\/according-experts\/resilience-early-age-and-its-impact-child-psychosocial-development\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Resilience at an early age and Its impact on child psychosocial development<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-nEqP9 wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Why does Dr. Luthar, in this reading, say we should not speak of &#8220;resilient children&#8221; but rather of &#8220;resilient adaptation&#8221;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although children&#8217;s individual characteristics affect how they respond to adversity, the one factor  that transcends all kinds of adversity is having at least one  strong, supportive adult in their lives. Why do you think this is so important?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What are the implications for public policy?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-further-full-2vaB0C wp-block-lazyblock-further-full\"><div class=\"further-full\">\n<div class=\"wtkm\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The  next reading is a summary of resilience concepts.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-Z1JuqB wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/read-resilience-in-early-childhood-introduction-to-key-concepts\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Resilience in early childhood: Introduction to key concepts<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Listen now as Masten describes the &#8220;waves&#8221; of research on resilience from 1970 on.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z6l3tN wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Masten &#8211; study of resilience 1 (3:28)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90196604?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-masten-study-of-resilience-1\/\" target=\"_blank\">Masten &#8211; study of resilience 1 &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Zwv7rb wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Masten &#8211; study of resilience 2 (4:04)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90196642?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-masten-study-of-resilience-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">Masten &#8211; study of resilience 2 &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Big demands are made on children&#8217;s regulatory systems and abilities to cope when they are exposed to armed conflicts, natural disasters and other emergencies. Dr. Bhutta, Inaugural Robert Harding Chair in Global Child Health at Toronto&#8217;s Hospital for Sick Children, points to inherent structures in Pakistan that contribute to young children&#8217;s resilience in spite of multiple adversities.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZEyRtr wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Bhutta &#8211; resilience (3:03)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90180118?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-bhutta-resilience\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bhutta &#8211; resilience &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-further-full-ZDbFhS wp-block-lazyblock-further-full\"><div class=\"further-full\">\n<div class=\"wtkm\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The <em>Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development<\/em> provides a comprehensive synthesis on the topic of resilience, including the importance of resilience, what is currently known about resilience, and how resilience can be promoted to support healthy child development.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-Z2snY8c wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.child-encyclopedia.com\/pdf\/synthese\/resilience\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Resilience: Synthesis<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The following reading from the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University looks at what can be done to promote resilience and healthy outcomes despite adverse circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-Z1DAhhw wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/developingchild.harvard.edu\/resources\/working-paper\/supportive-relationships-and-active-skill-building-strengthen-the-foundations-of-resilience\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ <\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Supportive relationships and active skill-building strengthen the foundations of resilience: Working paper 13<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Early Childhood Educators play an important role supporting children and families. Listen to Dr. Afifi explain how this helps promote resilience in young children.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-KEe1d wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Afifi &#8211; ECEs support children and families (2:26)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/855457568\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-afifi-eces-support-children-and-families\/\" target=\"_blank\">Afifi &#8211; ECEs support children and families &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The next page considers the unique ways that play supports children&#8217;s developing abilities to cope and become competent. As Yogman et al (2018) explain, &#8220;when play and safe, stable nurturing relationships are missing in a child&#8217;s life, toxic stress can disrupt the development of executive function and the learning of prosocial behavior; in the presence of childhood adversity, play becomes even more important&#8221; (para. 3).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Adversity Unfortunately, many children grow up in challenging circumstances and some children grow up in extremely adverse environments. They may live in violent homes and be neglected or abused. Poverty, disasters or displacement may be a constant in a young child&#8217;s life. Adverse early childhood experiences include things like abuse and neglect as well as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":85,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-25","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25"}],"version-history":[{"count":218,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15879,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25\/revisions\/15879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}