{"id":21,"date":"2011-10-02T19:24:17","date_gmt":"2011-10-03T01:24:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/cc-1-2-resilience\/"},"modified":"2025-03-17T21:41:55","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T21:41:55","slug":"cc-1-2-individual-pathways","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/cc-1-2-individual-pathways\/","title":{"rendered":"CC 1.2 Individual differences"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lazyblock-consider-block-BnAzH wp-block-lazyblock-consider-block\"><div class=\"consider-full\">\n<p><strong>Consider&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Three children at the library<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\nTwo-year-old Avery is at the library with her grandfather. They are watching a puppet show together with a dozen other children&#8230;&nbsp;<strong><span><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/consider-three-children-at-the-library\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more<\/a>&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the scenario above, you read about three children, Sula, Ashraf and Jamel, all the same age, living in the same neighbourhood, having the same experience \u2013 yet they responded quite differently. Each child\u2019s reactions and responses are based on his or her arousal and recovery to an incoming stressor. They have individual self-regulation patterns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The late Sir Michael Rutter,\u00a0formerly at King&#8217;s College London, had a profound influence in the fields of genetics and psychiatry for more than forty years. He points to the importance of recognizing each child&#8217;s individuality.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z2mlgns wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Rutter &#8211; responding (2:28)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90183928?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-rutter-responding\/\" target=\"_blank\">Rutter &#8211; responding &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the next clip (which also appears on the Brain Develoment page on brain architecture), Rutter explains the role of biology in understanding the development of individuals.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZQ2Udc wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Rutter &#8211; biology (2:23)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90200080?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-rutter-biology-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">Rutter &#8211; biology &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-Z1KzCcw wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>How does biology explain individual differences?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sspdBookMarkStress\">Responding to stress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>All of us, including babies and small children, vary in terms of how we respond to stressful events, large and small. Each person&#8217;s ability to cope, to regulate emotion, behaviour and attention is influenced by&nbsp;differences in brain and body reactions to challenges and new situations. As explained in detail in the Brain Development module<span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">,<\/span> our stress reactivity system is set early in life. For a quick review,&nbsp;see the following reading on stress biology, from p. 2.3 in the Brain Development module.&nbsp;The webpage that follows, from the Centre for Studies on Human Stress, provides a concise look at the biology of stress. See other pages on that website for other topics.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-Z1lnJMC wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/read-introduction-to-stress\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Introduction to stress<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-aezGn wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/humanstress.ca\/stress\/what-is-stress\/biology-of-stress\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">EXPLORE<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Biology of stress<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dr. Megan Gunnar,\u00a0professor and former director of the Institute of Child Development at the University of Minnesota,\u00a0studies stress levels in humans by measuring concentrations of cortisol, a stress hormone that is secreted in saliva.\u00a0Listen as Gunnar explains these stressors, and the difference between tolerable and intolerable stress.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z24ga2F wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Gunnar &#8211; stressful events (2:21)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90193876?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-gunnar-stressful-events\/\" target=\"_blank\">Gunnar &#8211; stressful events &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the following clip, Gunnar explains how she studies stress by collecting spit, and we see children playing &#8220;the tasting game&#8221;:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z23bDyl wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Gunnar &#8211; measuring stress (2:46)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90182228?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-gunnar-measuring-stress-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">Gunnar &#8211; measuring stress &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Having a caring adult nearby to help children cope and reduce their anxiety is especially important when children are in unfamiliar settings or going through frightening situations. In the following video, Dawn Kidder, a child life specialist at Children&#8217;s Hospital in Winnipeg for over 32 years, explains how a child&#8217;s relationship with an adult primary caregiver helps to reduce the child&#8217;s anxiety about a medical procedure. Watch a demonstration of the hug-hold technique.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZhA0kJ wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Kidder &#8211; family-centred care and the hug hold (2:28)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90195147?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-kidder-family-centred-care-and-the-hug-hold\/\" target=\"_blank\">Kidder &#8211; family-centred care and the hug hold &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-1M7veC wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>What kind of reaction do you think a child might have to a needle or medical procedure without someone nearby with whom she has a loving relationship?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What do you think is happening to the child&#8217;s stress reaction during the hug-hold interaction?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we used Gunnar&#8217;s measure of cortisol, do you think the hug-hold interaction would affect a child&#8217;s cortisol levels?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do you think the hug-hold interaction helps children develop their own ability to regulate their reaction to the stressful situation?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the next clip, Gunnar discusses some of the physiology of stress in terms of brain function and the importance of developing a healthy adaptive stress response.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z2n8j5t wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Gunnar &#8211; brain and stress (4:15)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90182464?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-gunnar-brain-and-stress\/\" target=\"_blank\">Gunnar &#8211; brain and stress &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the next video, Kidder describes techniques that adults can explore with children to help them cope with with stressful situations such as undergoing a medical procedure. Kidder discusses potential coping strategies with a five year old boy to help him prepare for having a needle.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail-ZVVVjl wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"video-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/files\/2022\/06\/90195102.jpg\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Scene: Coping strategies (2:41)<\/span>      \n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\"><iframe frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90195102?api=1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-ZSUF2f wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Are there any techniques you are interested in trying with young children to help them cope or deal with stressful situations?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temperament<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"888\" src=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/files\/2024\/01\/iStock-995614498_compressed-1024x888.jpg\" alt=\"Preschool child with arms crossed and serious expression on face.\" class=\"wp-image-13559\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/files\/2024\/01\/iStock-995614498_compressed-1024x888.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/files\/2024\/01\/iStock-995614498_compressed-300x260.jpg 300w, https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/files\/2024\/01\/iStock-995614498_compressed-768x666.jpg 768w, https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/files\/2024\/01\/iStock-995614498_compressed.jpg 1075w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong><\/strong>Temperament refers to children\u2019s emotionality, activity and attention. It can be defined as individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation (Rothbart, 2019). A temperamental bias refers to patterns of feelings based in a child&#8217;s biology and appear early in development (Kagan, 2019). Temperament is inextricably linked to children&#8217;s stress reactivity and to the development of self-regulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Earlier understandings of temperament grouped children into three broad categories: <strong>the easy child, the slow-to-warm-up child and the difficult child<\/strong>. Drs. Alexander Thomas, Stella Chess, and Herbert Birch studied children&#8217;s temperament extensively and identified nine dimensions of temperament that could be summarized into these three broad categories.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-key-full-Z1VfAQP wp-block-lazyblock-key-full\"><div class=\"key-full\">\n\n\n<p>Researchers have revised Thomas and Chess&#8217;s dimensions to three broad dimensions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Extraversion\/Surgency (positive affect, activity level, impulsivity, risk-taking);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Negative Affectivity (fear, anger, sadness, discomfort); and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Effortful Control (attention-shifting and focusing, perceptual sensitivity, inhibitory and activational control) (Rothbart, 2019).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Temperament&nbsp;is an individual difference that influences how we react to&nbsp;situations, interactions and environments. Understanding temperamental differences&nbsp;has a tremendous impact on caregiving&nbsp;and teaching, as it helps&nbsp;to make sense of children&#8217;s feelings and actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Temperament research highlights that children\u2019s behaviour and emotions are not entirely determined by their experience and early environments. From birth, children differ in their reactivity and self-regulation and follow different pathways to developmental outcomes even when they share the similar experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-oUHMH wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/read-introduction-to-temperament\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ <\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Introduction to temperament<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-consider-block-Z1cO2xD wp-block-lazyblock-consider-block\"><div class=\"consider-full\">\n<p><strong>Consider&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Anika and&nbsp;Mila&#8217;s&nbsp;first day of preschool<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\nIt is the first day of preschool for Anika and Mila. As the two little girls walk hand in hand with their mothers toward the&nbsp;school Mila notices the other children in the school yard&#8230;&nbsp;<strong><span><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/consider-anika-and-milas-first-day-of-preschool\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more<\/a>&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-qQsT8 wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>How do you think Mila and Anika differ on the dimensions of temperament?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of the three general categories of temperament, which do you think would best describe Anika and Mila?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How do you think having an understanding of temperament would help the preschool teacher support Anika and Mila\u2019s development and learning?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-further-full-28Gq6U wp-block-lazyblock-further-full\"><div class=\"further-full\">\n<div class=\"wtkm\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>For more information, explore the following from the&nbsp;<em>Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-zPqae wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.child-encyclopedia.com\/temperament\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">EXPLORE<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Temperament<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>While all individuals are born with a&nbsp;tendency towards&nbsp;a particular&nbsp;set of temperamental characteristics, the social environment influences the expression of these characteristics. The terms &#8220;goodness of fit&#8221; and &#8220;the match&#8221;&nbsp;are commonly used to describe&nbsp;the temperamental similarities and differences between parent and child.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the following video, Dr. Joan Durrant, Child-Clinical Psychologist and Professor Emerita of Community Health Sciences at the University of Manitoba,\u00a0and\u00a0Executive Director of Positive Discipline in Everyday Life, describes the importance of parents and caregivers understanding &#8220;the match&#8221; between parents and caregivers and the children that they support.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZnLLtO wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Durrant &#8211; child-caregiver match, part 1 (2:43)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90181974?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-durrant-child-caregiver-match-part-1\/\" target=\"_blank\">Durrant &#8211; child-caregiver match, part 1 &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z1ecW2n wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Durrant &#8211; child-caregiver match, part 2 (2:19)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90182052?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-durrant-child-caregiver-match-part-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">Durrant &#8211; child-caregiver match, part 2 &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In this next clip, Dr. Stuart Shanker describes ways to understand the temperament &#8220;dance&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-sAcLe wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Shanker &#8211; parenting and temperament (2:17)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90200440?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-shanker-parenting-and-temperament\/\" target=\"_blank\">Shanker &#8211; parenting and temperament &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Next, view this clip&nbsp;of&nbsp;Greta as she tries hard to get her mother&#8217;s attention. As you watch, Greta and her mother note the various dimensions of temperament.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail-11G8j8 wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"video-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/files\/2022\/10\/thumbIWantMyDoll.jpg\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Scene: I want my doll (3:46)<\/span>      \n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\"><iframe frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90193731?api=1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-Z2hSLjo wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Greta is only two-years-old. What aspects of self-regulation do you see in this scene?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How do her interactions with her mother support her ability to cope?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Can you think of the similarities- &#8220;the match&#8221; &#8211; between Greta&#8217;s temperament and her mother&#8217;s that may have an impact on how Greta reacts in certain situations?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the scenario above, you read about three children, Sula, Ashraf and Jamel, all the same age, living in the same neighbourhood, having the same experience \u2013 yet they responded quite differently. Each child\u2019s reactions and responses are based on his or her arousal and recovery to an incoming stressor. They have individual self-regulation patterns. 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