{"id":26,"date":"2011-10-02T19:17:33","date_gmt":"2011-10-03T01:17:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/cc-2-4-executive-functions\/"},"modified":"2025-12-18T21:36:50","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T21:36:50","slug":"cc-2-4-executive-function","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/cc-2-4-executive-function\/","title":{"rendered":"AC 2.4 Fonctions ex\u00e9cutives"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lazyblock-consider-full-Z1MVOxC wp-block-lazyblock-consider-full\"><div class=\"consider-full\">\n<p>\n<h4>Examinons\u2026<\/h4>\nLorsque Malik, 4 ans, arrive \u00e0 la pr\u00e9maternelle, il trouve une place et s\u2019assoit \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de ses amis sur le tapis. L\u2019enseignante salue tout le monde&#8230; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/consider-malik-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">En savoir plus<\/a>&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-1uJMU8 wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>De quel type de comp\u00e9tences de r\u00e9gulation Malik fait-il preuve?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comment ces comp\u00e9tences aident-elles Malik \u00e0 s\u2019adapter \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole : sur le plan social et de l\u2019apprentissage?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si Malik n\u2019avait pas encore acquis ces comp\u00e9tences, de quelle autre mani\u00e8re aurait-il pu se comporter?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/files\/2011\/10\/executive-functions1-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Jeune enfant qui joue avec des blocs des lettres de l\u2019alphabet en bois.\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Malik manifeste un ensemble interd\u00e9pendant de comp\u00e9tences de r\u00e9gulation qu\u2019on appelle les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives. Le d\u00e9veloppement de nos comp\u00e9tences de fonctions ex\u00e9cutives se poursuit durant toute la vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La ma\u00eetrise des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives nous aide \u00e0 r\u00e9guler nos \u00e9motions, notre comportement et notre attention et, en fin de compte, \u00e0 atteindre nos objectifs.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-key-full-S0nHE wp-block-lazyblock-key-full\"><div class=\"key-full\">\n\n\n<p><strong>Les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives<\/strong> comprennent :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>le contr\u00f4le inhibiteur<\/strong> \u2013 la capacit\u00e9 de se concentrer sur la t\u00e2che \u00e0 accomplir, d\u2019inhiber les actions impulsives et d\u2019\u00eatre attentif;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>la m\u00e9moire de travail<\/strong> \u2013 la capacit\u00e9 de conserver de l\u2019information et de se la rem\u00e9morer pour un usage ult\u00e9rieur;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>la flexibilit\u00e9 mentale<\/strong> \u2013 la capacit\u00e9 de modifier des plans et d\u2019essayer de nouvelles strat\u00e9gies pour trouver des solutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>La vid\u00e9o qui suit du Harvard Center for the Developing Child donne un aper\u00e7u des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives et explique comment les comp\u00e9tences des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives aident les enfants \u00e0 se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 s\u2019adapter \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole et dans la vie.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-9E3P8 wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/developingchild.harvard.edu\/resources\/inbrief-executive-function-skills-for-life-and-learning\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Executive function: Skills for life and learning [Sous-titrage en fran\u00e7ais offert] <\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Poursuivez maintenant votre lecture de ce site Web au sujet des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives et du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019enfant. Explorez la deuxi\u00e8me ressource, qui donne des exemples pratiques de fa\u00e7ons de promouvoir les comp\u00e9tences de fonctions ex\u00e9cutives chez les enfants de diff\u00e9rents \u00e2ges.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-Z8Lq9S wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/developingchild.harvard.edu\/resources\/infographics\/what-is-executive-function-and-how-does-it-relate-to-child-development\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">LIRE<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Qu\u2019est-ce que la fonction ex\u00e9cutive? Et quel est son lien avec le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019enfant? <\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-Z1WyHxc wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/developingchild.harvard.edu\/fr\/resources\/handouts-tools\/fonction-executive-guide-dactivites\/ \" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">EXPLORER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Fonction ex\u00e9cutive \u2013 Guide d\u2019activit\u00e9s<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Philip Zelazo, Ph. D. et psychologue du d\u00e9veloppement et neuroscientifique \u00e0 l\u2019Institute of Child Development de la University of Minnesota, explique ce que l\u2019on entend par fonctions ex\u00e9cutives, la fa\u00e7on dont elles sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019autor\u00e9gulation et les trois processus concern\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z26Jxth wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Zelazo \u2013 introduction aux fonctions ex\u00e9cutives (2:16)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90203680?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-zelazo-introduction-aux-fonctions-executives\/\" target=\"_blank\">Zelazo \u2013 introduction aux fonctions ex\u00e9cutives &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Les diff\u00e9rences dans les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives expliquent pourquoi certains enfants semblent beaucoup plus pr\u00eats que d\u2019autres pour l\u2019\u00e9cole dans leur mani\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9couter, de faire preuve d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance ou d\u2019\u00eatre capables d\u2019accomplir une t\u00e2che. Dans la vid\u00e9o qui suit, Zelazo explique que les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives sont des r\u00e9sultats attendus du d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZVTiFd wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Zelazo \u2013 r\u00e9sultats sur le plan du d\u00e9veloppement (1:37)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90203699?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-zelazo-developmental-outcomes-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Zelazo \u2013 r\u00e9sultats sur le plan du d\u00e9veloppement &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives peuvent facilement \u00eatre observ\u00e9es dans de nombreuses t\u00e2ches et interactions de la vie quotidienne des enfants. En regardant la vid\u00e9o suivante, r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissez \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de l\u2019enfant \u00e0 rester concentr\u00e9 sur sa t\u00e2che et aux diff\u00e9rentes fa\u00e7ons dont son attention est sollicit\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail-M4Baq wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"video-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/files\/2022\/06\/341667296.jpg\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Construire une tour (2:44)<\/span>      \n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\"><iframe frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/341667296?api=1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-1bzuyi wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Pendant que vous observiez l\u2019enfant construire la tour, qu\u2019avez-vous remarqu\u00e9 concernant son contr\u00f4le inhibiteur? Qu\u2019a-t-il fait pour rester concentr\u00e9 sur sa t\u00e2che?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u2019avez-vous remarqu\u00e9 au sujet de sa souplesse mentale? De quelle mani\u00e8re a-t-il modifi\u00e9 ses plans lorsque la structure s\u2019est effondr\u00e9e?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dans la prochaine courte vid\u00e9o, vous verrez un enfant qui ma\u00eetrise le jumelage de chiffres sur un petit appareil de jeu.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail-1qsrgH wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"video-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/files\/2022\/06\/90191881.jpg\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Deux doigts (0:40)<\/span>      \n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\"><iframe frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90191881?api=1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-1Phc7k wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>De quelle fa\u00e7on cet enfant a-t-il montr\u00e9 ses comp\u00e9tences des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quel \u00e9tait le r\u00f4le de l\u2019adulte et pourquoi est-il important?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-further-full-ZKKoQo wp-block-lazyblock-further-full\"><div class=\"further-full\">\n<div class=\"wtkm\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>L\u2019article du Center on the Developing Child (2011) ci-dessous utilise la comparaison suivante : \u00ab les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives du cerveau \u00e9quivalent au syst\u00e8me de contr\u00f4le du trafic a\u00e9rien d\u2019un a\u00e9roport occup\u00e9, qui g\u00e8re les arriv\u00e9es et les d\u00e9parts de dizaines d\u2019avions sur plusieurs pistes. \u00bb (p. 1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette prochaine vid\u00e9o de la Alberta Family Wellness Initiative explique davantage ce concept.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-aHh2e wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IeVAVayzT2s\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Fonctions ex\u00e9cutives<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dans les prochaines vid\u00e9os, Zelazo d\u00e9crit l\u2019\u00e9mergence des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives et la fa\u00e7on dont les chercheurs les mesurent pendant les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9scolaires.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZQBHdA wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Zelazo \u2013 les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es (1:39)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90203721?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-zelazo-infancy-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Zelazo \u2013 les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1PsynM wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Zelazo \u2013 les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9scolaires (2:28)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90203738?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-zelazo-preschool-years-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Zelazo \u2013 les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9scolaires &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Jo-Anne LeFevre, Ph. D. et directrice de l\u2019Institute of Cognitive Science \u00e0 la Carleton University, montre un autre exemple d\u2019une m\u00e9thode de mesure de l\u2019attention spatiale et de la m\u00e9moire de travail des enfants.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z1L1YcX wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">LeFevre \u2013 les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives (1:19)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/410346933?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-lefevre-executive-function-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">LeFevre \u2013 les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fonctions ex\u00e9cutives et d\u00e9veloppement du cerveau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives sont orchestr\u00e9es par le cortex pr\u00e9frontal du cerveau (la partie avant du lobe frontal) au moyen de voies neuronales reli\u00e9es au syst\u00e8me limbique. Dans les deux prochaines vid\u00e9os, Bryan Kolb, Ph. D., du Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience \u00e0 la University of Lethbridge, explique la fa\u00e7on dont le jeu touche le d\u00e9veloppement c\u00e9r\u00e9bral, et le r\u00f4le du cortex pr\u00e9frontal et du lobe frontal.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Zz8qcK wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Kolb \u2013 le jeu et le d\u00e9veloppement du cerveau (2:54)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90195264?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-kolb-play-and-brain-development-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Kolb \u2013 le jeu et le d\u00e9veloppement du cerveau &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZGnBlk wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Kolb \u2013 le cortex pr\u00e9frontal (3:25)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90195252?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-kolb-prefrontal-cortex-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Kolb \u2013 le cortex pr\u00e9frontal &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Megan Gunnar, Ph. D. et ancienne directrice de l\u2019Institute of Child Development \u00e0 la University of Minnesota, discute des r\u00e9sultats des \u00e9tudes de Bucarest (voir la page 2.2, Programmes de la petite enfance, du module \u00c9cologie de l\u2019enfance pour en savoir plus) sur la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019attention \u00e0 long terme des enfants. Gunnar fait \u00e9tat des r\u00e9percussions de l\u2019adversit\u00e9 \u00e0 la petite enfance sur le d\u00e9veloppement du cerveau et sur la r\u00e9gulation de l\u2019attention plus tard.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1dcftk wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Gunnar \u2013 la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019attention (3:18)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90193759?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-gunnar-attention-abilities-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Gunnar \u2013 la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019attention &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Soutenir les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les adultes peuvent encourager et soutenir le d\u00e9veloppement des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives chez les enfants, mais, comme l\u2019explique Zelazo ci-dessous, il est important qu\u2019ils comprennent qu\u2019elles se d\u00e9veloppent graduellement.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z1OMbuQ wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Zelazo \u2013 les parents (2:19)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90203707?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-zelazo-parents-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Zelazo \u2013 les parents &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-ZO1lXF wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Comment votre compr\u00e9hension de la partie du d\u00e9veloppement du cerveau appuyant les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives influence-t-elle votre compr\u00e9hension des enfants qui ont de la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser des t\u00e2ches qui demandent des comp\u00e9tences de fonctions ex\u00e9cutives?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comment les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives d\u2019un enfant sont-elles li\u00e9es \u00e0 sa capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9guler son comportement et ses \u00e9motions?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comment les adultes peuvent-ils \u00e9tayer la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019un enfant de porter attention?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comment le jeu imaginatif contribue-t-il aux comp\u00e9tences de fonctions ex\u00e9cutives des enfants?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pleine conscience<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Derni\u00e8rement, un \u00e9tat d\u2019\u00eatre appel\u00e9 la \u00ab pleine conscience \u00bb est devenu pr\u00e9valent dans l\u2019\u00e9ducation, ainsi que dans la culture populaire. La pleine conscience signifie demeurer calme et concentr\u00e9 dans le moment et ne pas porter de jugement sur nos propres r\u00e9actions, ce qui est semblable \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat \u00ab calme, attentif et alerte \u00bb d\u00e9crit par Shanker \u00e0 la p. 1.1 du pr\u00e9sent module. Dans la prochaine vid\u00e9o, Gunnar d\u00e9crit la nouvelle recherche sur la pleine conscience et ses effets sur les comp\u00e9tences des enfants \u00e0 \u00eatre pr\u00e9sents.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-I6yXF wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Gunnar \u2013 l\u2019attention (1:41)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90193817?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-gunnar-attention-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Gunnar \u2013 l\u2019attention &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-ZPdxdt wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Pouvez-vous d\u00e9crire des activit\u00e9s qui aideraient les enfants d\u2019\u00e2ge pr\u00e9scolaire \u00e0 pratiquer la pleine conscience?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/play\/files\/2019\/04\/child-lying-in-leaves-SML-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Un enfant d\u2019\u00e2ge pr\u00e9scolaire souriant, \u00e9tendu sur une pile de feuilles mortes.\" class=\"wp-image-7497\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Constate-t-on des changements en enseignant aux enfants des techniques de pleine conscience, comme demeurer assis sans bouger et se concentrer sur la respiration?<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"> <\/span>Kimberly\u00a0Shonert-Reichl, Ph.\u00a0D., est titulaire de la chaire NoVo Foundation en apprentissage social et \u00e9motionnel, et professeure au d\u00e9partement de psychologie \u00e0 la University of Illinois, \u00e0 Chicago; ancienne psychologue du d\u00e9veloppement appliqu\u00e9 et professeure du domaine du d\u00e9veloppement humain, de l\u2019apprentissage et de la culture au d\u00e9partement de psychologie de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et de l\u2019orientation, et d\u2019\u00e9ducation sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e \u00e0 la University of British Columbia; ainsi qu\u2019ancienne directrice du Human Early Learning Partnership (HELP) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole de sant\u00e9 publique et des populations de la Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine \u00e0 la University of British Columbia. Dans la prochaine vid\u00e9o, Shonert-Reichl d\u00e9crit les r\u00e9sultats de <em>Wave 6<\/em> en Colombie-Britannique et ses recherches sur la pleine conscience aupr\u00e8s des enfants d\u2019\u00e2ge scolaire et de la maternelle.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-9LLAL wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Schonert-Reichl \u2013 la recherche sur la pleine conscience (2:27)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/241050392?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-schonert-reichl-mindfulness-research-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Schonert-Reichl \u2013 la recherche sur la pleine conscience &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-fhjIo wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Schonert-Reichl \u2013 stimuler les \u00e9l\u00e8ves avec MindUp (1:37)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/241050916?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-schonert-reichl-mindup-engaging-students-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Schonert-Reichl \u2013 stimuler les \u00e9l\u00e8ves avec MindUp &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-Z2uA7qL wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Quels sont les effets positifs de la formation sur la pleine conscience sur les enfants d\u2019\u00e2ge scolaire?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comment l\u2019accroissement de la pleine conscience pourrait-il aider les enfants \u00e0 accro\u00eetre leurs fonctions ex\u00e9cutives?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pouvez-vous d\u00e9crire des activit\u00e9s qui aideraient les enfants d\u2019\u00e2ge pr\u00e9scolaire \u00e0 pratiquer la pleine conscience?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La pleine conscience est un sujet tr\u00e8s populaire dans les domaines de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, de la sant\u00e9 et des affaires, ainsi que dans la culture populaire ces jours-ci. Quels facteurs soci\u00e9taux pourraient contribuer \u00e0 cette popularit\u00e9?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-further-full-oYBBl wp-block-lazyblock-further-full\"><div class=\"further-full\">\n<div class=\"wtkm\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Schonert-Reichl discute ensuite de la fa\u00e7on d\u2019enseigner la pleine conscience aux enfants et de l\u2019importance des effets de l\u2019\u00e9tat de pleine conscience chez les adultes sur les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-ZuOcgO wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Schonert-Reichl \u2013 les messages cl\u00e9s de la recherche sur la pleine conscience (2:15)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/241050199?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-schonert-reichl-mindfulness-research-key-messages-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Schonert-Reichl \u2013 les messages cl\u00e9s de la recherche sur la pleine conscience &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z2ujCe9 wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Schonert-Reichl \u2013 les soins autoadministr\u00e9s chez les adultes (1:35)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/241049680?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-schonert-reichl-adult-self-care-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Schonert-Reichl \u2013 les soins autoadministr\u00e9s chez les adultes &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le mensonge et les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kang Lee, Ph. D., du Dr. Eric Jackman Institute of Child Study \u00e0 la University of Toronto, \u00e9tudie le d\u00e9veloppement du mensonge pendant l\u2019enfance. Il r\u00e9alise aussi des comparaisons interculturelles qui font ressortir les diff\u00e9rents points de vue des cultures sur le mensonge, et les situations dans lesquelles il pourrait \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme acceptable. Dans les prochaines vid\u00e9os, Lee explique certaines de ses recherches et le lien entre le d\u00e9veloppement du mensonge et les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1QknLz wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Lee \u2013 la recherche sur le mensonge (3:30)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/125283427?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-lee-lying-research-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Lee \u2013 la recherche sur le mensonge &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1t7YYY wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Lee \u2013 le d\u00e9veloppement cognitif et le mensonge (2:12)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/125282736?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-lee-cognitive-development-and-lying-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Lee \u2013 le d\u00e9veloppement cognitif et le mensonge &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-2lAz8W wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Lee \u2013 les diff\u00e9rences culturelles quant aux raisons de mentir (4:26)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/125282739?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-lee-cultural-differences-in-lying-motivation-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Lee \u2013 les diff\u00e9rences culturelles quant aux raisons de mentir &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-ZiXSeS wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Lee explique que lorsqu\u2019un enfant ment, il fait preuve de comp\u00e9tences de fonctions ex\u00e9cutives et de relativisme. Est-ce que cela influencera la fa\u00e7on dont vous r\u00e9agirez dor\u00e9navant \u00e0 un enfant qui ment?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comment votre culture g\u00e8re-t-elle le mensonge et dans quelles circonstances le mensonge est-il consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une r\u00e9ponse appropri\u00e9e?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-further-full-Z1edCO3 wp-block-lazyblock-further-full\"><div class=\"further-full\">\n<div class=\"wtkm\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Lee explique un autre type de raison de mentir, soit lorsque les personnes ou les groupes mentent pour le compte d\u2019un groupe.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1RkU7m wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VISIONNER<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Lee \u2013 mentir pour le groupe (2:07)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/125283425?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-lee-lying-for-the-group-fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Lee \u2013 mentir pour le groupe &#8211; Transcription textuelle<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malik manifeste un ensemble interd\u00e9pendant de comp\u00e9tences de r\u00e9gulation qu\u2019on appelle les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives. Le d\u00e9veloppement de nos comp\u00e9tences de fonctions ex\u00e9cutives se poursuit durant toute la vie. La ma\u00eetrise des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives nous aide \u00e0 r\u00e9guler nos \u00e9motions, notre comportement et notre attention et, en fin de compte, \u00e0 atteindre nos objectifs. La vid\u00e9o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":80,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-26","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26"}],"version-history":[{"count":236,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16097,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26\/revisions\/16097"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition-fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}