{"id":282,"date":"2013-08-01T21:36:55","date_gmt":"2013-08-01T21:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/?page_id=282"},"modified":"2025-07-08T16:38:27","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T16:38:27","slug":"cl-1-1-acquiring-language","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/cl-1-1-acquiring-language\/","title":{"rendered":"CL 1.1 Acquiring language"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-image-2219\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/files\/2011\/09\/AKDN-AmitPasricha-momBaby22417.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2219\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">AKDN\/Amit Pasricha<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Humans have the unique capacity to create and use language. Other animals can communicate with each other, but their limited numbers of calls or gestures are isolated signals with very specific messages. Human language is <strong>flexible<\/strong> and <strong>productive<\/strong> \u2013 that is, a small number of symbols (sounds or gestures) can be combined according to a set of shared rules to produce an endless number of messages. For example, in the English language, there are only 26 letters (symbols) that are combined to form words that are then combined to form an endless number of messages. It is estimated there are more than 7000 spoken languages in the world today (Eberhard et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Children begin to communicate at birth using sounds and then gestures. Oral language greatly expands the way in which children can express their needs and feelings, exchange ideas and connect with others. Adults around them often observe that as they learn to talk, children become less like babies and more like &#8220;little people&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Humans are prepared to communicate from the moment they are born. Dr. Janet Werker,\u00a0research chair of the Department of Psychology at the University of British Columbia,\u00a0explains the remarkable spoken language skills of newborns.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-CLt7k wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Werker &#8211; newborn communication (2:52)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90184601?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-werker-newborn-communication\/\" target=\"_blank\">Werker &#8211; newborn communication &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interestingly, adults seem also to be prepared to speak in a certain way to infants and young children. In the next clip, Werker describes the term <em>motherese<\/em> and explains that many suggest that it should be called, <em>parentese<\/em> since mothers are not the only adults who do it. \u00a0The terms &#8220;infant- directed speech&#8221; or &#8220;child-directed speech&#8221; have also been used to describe this unique way of speaking.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-1HPRbA wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Werker &#8211; motherese (1:04)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90184572?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-werker-motherese\/\" target=\"_blank\">Werker &#8211; motherese &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-Iy8vz wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Were you aware of the ways that newborns show they are prepared to develop language? Does this have an impact on your view of very young babies?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How do parents in your family, community or culture speak to infants and young children?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Infants are more responsive to higher-pitched voices. Simple, clear pronunciation is easier for children to understand. This makes parentese perfectly suited to their auditory preferences. Adults modify their language interactions based on children\u2019s growing skill and even deaf parents use a form of parentese when signing to their babies (Berk, 2012). Interestingly, adults are largely unaware of adjusting their language when speaking to infants.\u00a0In the next video, Dr. Melanie Soderstrom,\u00a0associate professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Manitoba,\u00a0discusses the implications of the research on infant- and child-directed speech (see p. 2.1 in this module for a look at how this research is done).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript-Z2nqSBx wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-transcript\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Soderstrom \u2013 message for parents (1:23)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/400386676?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div><br>\n      <p><a href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/transcript-soderstrom-message-for-parents\/\" target=\"_blank\">Soderstrom \u2013 message for parents &#8211; Text Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the Brain Development module you watched Lia talking with her two-month-old baby, Jersey, as an example of a reciprocal or &#8220;serve and return&#8221; interaction. When you watch the clip again, keep in mind the description of parentese that Werker provided.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail-6iJY5 wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"video-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/files\/2022\/07\/90194767.jpg\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Scene: Mom and newborn (4:05)<\/span>      \n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: auto;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\"><iframe frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90194767?api=1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-n2FCo wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How does the way Lia speak to her baby fit with what you&#8217;ve learned about parentese?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What does Jersey do that encourages Lia to keep up the &#8220;conversation&#8221;?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Watch the next video that shows a beautiful &#8220;conversation&#8221; between a mother and son.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail-oDJQl wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"video-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/files\/2022\/07\/113726911.jpg\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Talking with Mother (1:27)<\/span>      \n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: auto;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\"><iframe frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/113726911?api=1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now watch as Jakyri, a young toddler, and his father share a banana and have a conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail-Mxp9o wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"video-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/files\/2022\/07\/90184425.jpg\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Sharing a banana (2:41)<\/span>      \n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: auto;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\"><iframe frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90184425?api=1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-27gu7t wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How does each parent&nbsp;support&nbsp;the child&#8217;s&nbsp;efforts to communicate?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What does&nbsp;each scene tell you about their relationship?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The next reading reviews typical language abilities of children through the first five years.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-1yUgNt wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/transcript\/read-how-language-develops\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">How language develops<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Humans are wired to learn language right from the start. Parents and caregivers instinctively change the way they speak to very young babies and research has shown that this aids in learning language. Next, you&#8217;ll read about children&#8217;s natural eagerness to learn and the role of play in fostering their thinking and learning.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Humans have the unique capacity to create and use language. Other animals can communicate with each other, but their limited numbers of calls or gestures are isolated signals with very specific messages. Human language is flexible and productive \u2013 that is, a small number of symbols (sounds or gestures) can be combined according to a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-282","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=282"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/282\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8414,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/282\/revisions\/8414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/secd-intro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}