{"id":3823,"date":"2012-11-29T19:49:54","date_gmt":"2012-11-29T19:49:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/?page_id=3823"},"modified":"2022-06-01T19:42:12","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T19:42:12","slug":"bd2-4-stress","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/bd2-4-stress\/","title":{"rendered":"BD 2.4 Stress"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/third-edition\/files\/2011\/10\/vaccination_Tanzania-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vaccination_Tanzania\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How does stress affect child development? Can some stress be good? What does &#8220;toxic stress&#8221; mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We often hear about the negative effects of stress on human health. Let&#8217;s look more closely at how stress affects early brain development and the longterm outcomes for various types of stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We all experience stressful situations and our bodies react to these situations. The magnitude of the stressor along with support systems, if any, around us influence the long term impact of stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the next video from Tajikistan, watch as young Yusuf gets his first needle at the local health centre.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail-kAxsh wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand-thumbnail\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"video-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/files\/2022\/06\/146326448.jpg\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">First needle (2:12)<\/span>      \n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: auto;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\"><iframe frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/146326448?api=1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-Vx9i6 wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>How did Yusuf respond when his mother was able to pick him up after getting&nbsp;the needle? How did he react when she put him down to dress him?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What does this scene tell you about the role of his mother in helping him to handle this stressful event?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Who was more stressed, Yusuf or his mother?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>For Yusuf, the pain of the needle activated a biological and behavioural stress reaction. The reading below provides an introduction to the biology of stress.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-1oWcLL wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/secd-files.s3.amazonaws.com\/pdfs\/IntroductionToStress.pdf?X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=AKIA3JEJM3JRLSOOGYBG%2F20260627%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260627T033831Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=1000&amp;X-Amz-Signature=076ac56570e6fef7f884acf28dcacef516f0521f5477857e2f54917f683fd99a\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Introduction to stress<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dr. Megan Gunnar, University of Minnesota, studies the biology of stress and how it affects brain development and behaviour. In the following video, she explains the two parts of the mammalian stress response.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-2eYS3z wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Gunnar &#8211; stress biology (3:15)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90193868?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the next clip, Gunnar discusses the difference between stressors and stress, and she describes what chronic activation of the stress system means for early brain development.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-qinO8 wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Gunnar &#8211; stressors vs. stress (3:43)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90193901?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-1CwoRE wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>Why is it important for people who work with young children and families to understand how stress pathways develop?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How is it inevitable that all babies will experience some stress? Can stress be positive?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-interact-10hp68 wp-block-lazyblock-interact\"><div class=\"interact-link context-container\">\n  <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hscsr.rrc.ca\/secd\/interactions\/BD-stressReviewTerms\/matchTerms-stress.html\" class=\"tap-container interact\">\n    <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"tap-content\">\n      <span class=\"tap-label\">INTERACT<\/span>\n      <span class=\"tap-description\">Review of terms &#8211; stress<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The following article and video from the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child discusses how specific types of stress can affect the developing brain with lifelong implications.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-ZFd4v3 wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/developingchild.harvard.edu\/resources\/wp3\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Excessive stress disrupts the architecture of the developing brain<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-Z2vvaXq wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/developingchild.harvard.edu\/resources\/toxic-stress-derails-healthy-development\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">EXPLORE<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Toxic stress derails healthy development<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-reflect-1Sasms wp-block-lazyblock-reflect\"><div class=\"reflect\">\n\n\n<p>The science-policy gap indicates society could be doing more to alleviate stress for young children and families. How do the concerns cited in the National Scientific Council article relate to your community?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the next video, Dr. Jean Clinton, clinical professor of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience at McMaster University, explains why parents need to consider that when a child&#8217;s stress system is &#8220;turned on&#8221; the child will not be ready to learn but rather needs a warm connection with a caregiver to rebalance.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-1Id7bw wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Clinton &#8211; teachable moments and the stress response (2:26)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/156765429?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Listen as Gunnar discusses when stressors are likely to cause toxic stress and the effect on child development.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-2b9zQO wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Gunnar &#8211; toxic stress (1:58)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90193923?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Now watch as Gunnar describes how the prefrontal cortex is affected in an environment of threat and how that helps explain why children who experience chronic stress may struggle in school or in other contexts where they are expected to focus their attention, think and control their actions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-Z7r7j9 wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Gunnar &#8211; prefrontal cortex (2:00)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90193819?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-further-full-Z1t9t4t wp-block-lazyblock-further-full\"><div class=\"further-full\">\n<div class=\"wtkm\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>For more information on Megan Gunnar&#8217;s research, visit the website for her lab.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-explore-ZzY4y1 wp-block-lazyblock-explore\"><div class=\"explore context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cehd.umn.edu\/icd\/research\/GunnarLab\/Default.html\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">EXPLORE<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Human Developmental Psychobiology Lab<\/span>\n         \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The most damaging source of stress for children is ongoing abuse and\/or neglect. The image below depicts the brain activity of a normally developing child (left) and a child reared in an institution in Romania who was neglected in infancy (right). The black and blue tones demonstrate that brain regions such as the temporal lobes, which sub-serve emotion are practically inactive in the Romanian child compared to the healthy child.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/files\/2011\/09\/healthyUnhealthyBrain.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"287\" height=\"223\" src=\"http:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/files\/2011\/09\/healthyUnhealthyBrain.jpg\" alt=\"healthy and unhealthy brain\" class=\"wp-image-6464\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) is a longitudinal study based on severely neglected Romanian orphans who were institutionalized from birth and later moved into nurturing homes. The study is outlined by Dr. Charles Nelson, Harvard University, in the following clip.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-Z2gakGi wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Nelson &#8211; Bucharest early intervention project (6:42)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90191539?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-further-full-Z21KtQI wp-block-lazyblock-further-full\"><div class=\"further-full\">\n<div class=\"wtkm\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Listen as Nelson describes the results of the children, at 8- years-old, who are being followed in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-Z7CLLr wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Nelson &#8211; Nelson BEIP age 8 results (3:57)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90197035?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-watch-expand-Zhnv9L wp-block-lazyblock-watch-expand\"><div class=\"watch-expand expand-container context-container\">\n   <div class=\"watch tap-to-expand tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">VIEW<\/span>\n         <span class=\"tap-description\">Nelson &#8211; MRI results (1:55)<\/span>\n        \n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n   <div class=\"output-content collapse\" style=\"height: 0px;\">\n      <div class=\"vimeo-container\">\n         <iframe webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/90197080?api=1\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the following reading, Bick and Nelson (2016) review research regarding the impact of childhood maltreatment on the early brain development of children reared either in family settings or institutional centres.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-ZAYfQ2 wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4677140\/pdf\/npp2015252a.pdf\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Early adverse experiences and the developing brain<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>See the following reading to read about work Nelson is doing in Dhaka, Bangladesh and how it relates to the Bucharest Early Intervention Project.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-read-Z3Qg3M wp-block-lazyblock-read\"><div class=\"read context-container\">\n   <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cifar.ca\/cifarnews\/2018\/07\/19\/heroism-and-hope\/\" class=\"tap-container\">\n      <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"tap-content\">\n         <span class=\"tap-label\">READ<\/span><span class=\"tap-description\">Heroism and hope<\/span><\/span>      \n      <\/div>\n   <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Defining different types of stress activation can help caregivers understand that when children experience stress, the caregiver&#8217;s presence and support can help to reduce the negative impact on brain development. Review your understanding of the three types of stress activation:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-interact-Z1Aywc4 wp-block-lazyblock-interact\"><div class=\"interact-link context-container\">\n  <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hscsr.rrc.ca\/secd\/interactions\/intlIntro-stressAndDevtBrain\/stressAndDevtBrain.html\" class=\"tap-container interact\">\n    <div class=\"tap-icon\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"tap-content\">\n      <span class=\"tap-label\">INTERACT<\/span>\n      <span class=\"tap-description\">Types of stress activation<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/a>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How does stress affect child development? Can some stress be good? What does &#8220;toxic stress&#8221; mean? We often hear about the negative effects of stress on human health. Let&#8217;s look more closely at how stress affects early brain development and the longterm outcomes for various types of stress. We all experience stressful situations and our [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3823","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3823"}],"version-history":[{"count":60,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10436,"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3823\/revisions\/10436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.scienceofecd.com\/akdn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}